A 14 year old girl with SOB,Fever, Abdominal pain ,K/c/o Type-1 DM

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        CASE DISCUSSION

A 14 year old girl who came with chief complaints of:

•Shortness of breath since 2 days

•Fever since 1 day

•Abdominal pain since 1 day

•Vomiting 1 episode

HOPI: 

The patient was apparently asymptomatic 4 years ago, then she had a fever with generalised body weakness and polyuria and was diagnosed having type 1 DM and started on insulin.

2 years ago patient had similar complaints after an episode of fever and got admitted in our hospital and was treated here. 

 2 days ago then she developed sudden onset shortness of breath since 2 days, gradually progressive and progressed to stage 4. Shortness of breath started after patient missed taking 2 doses of insulin. No orthopnea, no PND. 

Fever since 1 day, high grade associated with chills and rigors, relieved on taking medication, no diurnal variation.

Abdominal pain since 1 day epigastric region alter progressed to diffuse abdominal pain.

No h/o loose stools, giddiness.

Headache present, vomiting 1 episode- non bilious, non projectile, not blood stained, content- food material.

Past history 

k/c/o type 1 DM since 4 years in biphasic insulin 30/70(17U-12U)

h/o 2 previous admissions for fever in last 4 years

Family history

h/o diabetes in younger sister from 6 years of age

Personal history 

She's a 9th class student

Diet mixed

Appetite normal

Sleep adequate

Bowel and bladder regular

Menarche not attained

GENERAL EXAMINATION

Patient is conscious coherent and cooperative. Well oriented to time place and person. 

No signs of pallor, icterus, cyanosis, clubbing, lymphadenopathy, edema

Vitals:

Pulse - 98 bpm

BP - 120/80 mm Hg

RR - 28 count

Temp- 99.1F

SpO2- 98%

GRBS- 526mg%

CVS:

Inspection:

There are no chest wall abnormalities 

The position of the trachea is central. 

Apical impulse is not observed. 

There are no other visible pulsations, dilated and engorged veins, surgical scars or sinuses. 

Palpation:

Apex beat was localised in the 5th intercostal space 2cm lateral to the mid clavicular line 

Position of trachea was central 

There we no parasternal heave , thrills, tender points. 

Auscultation: 

S1 and S2 were heard 

There were no added sounds / murmurs. 

Respiratory system:

Bilateral air entry is present 

Normal vesicular breath sounds are heard. 

Per Abdomen:

Shape is scaphoid

Abdomen is soft and non tender with no signs of organomegaly

Bowel sounds are heard

CNS:

HIGHER MENTAL FUNCTIONS- 

Normal

Memory intact

CRANIAL NERVES :Normal

SENSORY EXAMINATION

Normal sensations felt in all dermatomes

MOTOR EXAMINATION

Normal tone in upper and lower limb

Normal power in upper and lower limb

Normal gait

REFLEXES

Normal, brisk reflexes elicited- biceps, triceps, knee and ankle reflexes elicited

CEREBELLAR FUNCTION

Normal function

No meningeal signs were elicited

PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS 

Diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to non compliance

k/c/o Type -1 DM  since 4 years

Investigations